Overview of Gyroscope

The MPU6050 sensor module is an integrated 6-axis Motion tracking device.

• It has a 3-axis Gyroscope, 3-axis Accelerometer, Digital Motion Processor, and a Temperature sensor, all in a single IC.
• It can accept inputs from other sensors like a 3-axis magnetometer, and pressure sensor using its Auxiliary I2C bus.
• If an external 3-axis magnetometer is connected, it can provide complete 9-axis Motion Fusion output.
• A microcontroller can communicate with this module using the I2C communication protocol.
• Gyroscope and accelerometer reading along X, Y, and Z axes are available in 2’s complement form. The temperature reading is available in a signed integer form.
• Gyroscope readings are in degrees per second (DPS) unit; Accelerometer readings are in g unit, and Temperature reading is in degrees Celsius.

For more information about the MPU6050 Sensor Module and how to use it, refer to the topic MPU6050 Sensor Module in the sensors and modules section.

Connection Diagram of MPU6050 with ATmega16/32

The interfacing of the MPU-6050 module with ATmega16 is shown in the below figure.

MPU6050 Example Using ATmega16/32

Let's program MPU6050 (Gyro meter + Accelerometer + Temperature) sensor module with AVR-based ATmega16 to read all sensor values and send all values on computer terminals over USART.

• MPU-6050 has an I2C communication interface to connect it with the I2C of ATmega16.
• The module requires a +5V DC power supply, so connect it to the VCC pin of the module.
• Connect the ground to the GND pin of the module.
• Here we have used FTDI serial to USB converter to send values serially to a computer terminal.

MPU6050 Gyroscope Code for ATmega16/32

/*
 * ATmega16 Interface with MPU6050
 * http://www.electronicwings.com
 *
 */


#define F_CPU 8000000UL		/* Define CPU clock Frequency 8MHz */
#include <avr/io.h>			/* Include AVR std. library file */
#include <util/delay.h>		/* Include delay header file */
#include <inttypes.h>		/* Include integer type header file */
#include <stdlib.h>			/* Include standard library file */
#include <stdio.h>			/* Include standard I/O library file */
#include "MPU6050_res_define.h"	/* Include MPU6050 register define file */
#include "I2C_Master_H_file.h"	/* Include I2C Master header file */
#include "USART_RS232_H_file.h"	/* Include USART header file */

float Acc_x,Acc_y,Acc_z,Temperature,Gyro_x,Gyro_y,Gyro_z;

void Gyro_Init()			/* Gyro initialization function */
{
	_delay_ms(150);			/* Power up time >100ms */
	I2C_Start_Wait(0xD0);	/* Start with device write address */
	I2C_Write(SMPLRT_DIV);	/* Write to sample rate register */
	I2C_Write(0x07);		/* 1KHz sample rate */
	I2C_Stop();

	I2C_Start_Wait(0xD0);
	I2C_Write(PWR_MGMT_1);	/* Write to power management register */
	I2C_Write(0x01);		/* X axis gyroscope reference frequency */
	I2C_Stop();

	I2C_Start_Wait(0xD0);
	I2C_Write(CONFIG);		/* Write to Configuration register */
	I2C_Write(0x00);		/* Fs = 8KHz */
	I2C_Stop();

	I2C_Start_Wait(0xD0);
	I2C_Write(GYRO_CONFIG);	/* Write to Gyro configuration register */
	I2C_Write(0x18);		/* Full scale range +/- 2000 degree/C */
	I2C_Stop();

	I2C_Start_Wait(0xD0);
	I2C_Write(INT_ENABLE);	/* Write to interrupt enable register */
	I2C_Write(0x01);
	I2C_Stop();
}

void MPU_Start_Loc()
{
	I2C_Start_Wait(0xD0);		/* I2C start with device write address */
	I2C_Write(ACCEL_XOUT_H);	/* Write start location address from where to read */ 
	I2C_Repeated_Start(0xD1);	/* I2C start with device read address */
}

void Read_RawValue()
{
	MPU_Start_Loc();			/* Read Gyro values */
	Acc_x = (((int)I2C_Read_Ack()<<8) | (int)I2C_Read_Ack());
	Acc_y = (((int)I2C_Read_Ack()<<8) | (int)I2C_Read_Ack());
	Acc_z = (((int)I2C_Read_Ack()<<8) | (int)I2C_Read_Ack());
	Temperature = (((int)I2C_Read_Ack()<<8) | (int)I2C_Read_Ack());
	Gyro_x = (((int)I2C_Read_Ack()<<8) | (int)I2C_Read_Ack());
	Gyro_y = (((int)I2C_Read_Ack()<<8) | (int)I2C_Read_Ack());
	Gyro_z = (((int)I2C_Read_Ack()<<8) | (int)I2C_Read_Nack());
	I2C_Stop();
}

int main()
{
	char buffer[20], float_[10];
	float Xa,Ya,Za,t;
	float Xg=0,Yg=0,Zg=0;
	I2C_Init();			/* Initialize I2C */
	Gyro_Init();		/* Initialize Gyro */
	USART_Init(9600);	/* Initialize USART with 9600 baud rate */
	
	while(1)
	{
		Read_RawValue();

		/* Divide raw value by sensitivity scale factor */
		Xa = Acc_x/16384.0;
		Ya = Acc_y/16384.0;
		Za = Acc_z/16384.0;
		
		Xg = Gyro_x/16.4;
		Yg = Gyro_y/16.4;
		Zg = Gyro_z/16.4;

		/* Convert temperature in /c using formula */
		t = (Temperature/340.00)+36.53;

		/* Take values in buffer to send all parameters over USART */
		dtostrf( Xa, 3, 2, float_ );
		sprintf(buffer," Ax = %s g\t",float_);
		USART_SendString(buffer);

		dtostrf( Ya, 3, 2, float_ );
		sprintf(buffer," Ay = %s g\t",float_);
		USART_SendString(buffer);
		
		dtostrf( Za, 3, 2, float_ );
		sprintf(buffer," Az = %s g\t",float_);
		USART_SendString(buffer);

		dtostrf( t, 3, 2, float_ );
		/* 0xF8 Ascii value of degree on serial */
		sprintf(buffer," T = %s%cC\t",float_,0xF8);
		USART_SendString(buffer);

		dtostrf( Xg, 3, 2, float_ );
		sprintf(buffer," Gx = %s%c/s\t",float_,0xF8);
		USART_SendString(buffer);

		dtostrf( Yg, 3, 2, float_ );
		sprintf(buffer," Gy = %s%c/s\t",float_,0xF8);
		USART_SendString(buffer);
		
		dtostrf( Zg, 3, 2, float_ );
		sprintf(buffer," Gz = %s%c/s\r\n",float_,0xF8);
		USART_SendString(buffer);
	}
}

MPU6050 Output Window of Terminal

The output window will show all values mentioned below

Ax  = Accelerometer x-axis data in g unit

Ay  = Accelerometer y-axis data in g unit

Az  = Accelerometer z-axis data in g unit

T = temperature in degree/Celcius

Gx  = Gyro x axis data in degree/seconds unit

Gy  = Gyro y axis data in degree/seconds unit

Gz  = Gyro z axis data in degree/seconds unit