Description:

Manhole Detector is a device that helps the people to avoid “Unexpected accidents that happen on Manhole” (ie) The people who accidentally fall on Manholes without knowing whether it is opened or closed. People who fall on the Manhole suffer from asphyxiation and delirium.

 Excess inhalation of hydrogen sulphide gas is harmful to health, people even die on falling into the manhole. Some devices will measure the toxicity, water level present in the manhole. But no device is present to warn the people for this kind of problem. Hence our device will be the best solution.

Block Diagram:

Working:

• In our device initially, camera is ON and the speaker is OFF.
• Infrared beam sensor and Raindrop Sensor are already placed inside the hole both the sensors are connected to Arduino 
• The camera and speaker are connected to raspberry-pi.
• If the manhole cover is open it detects whether the person comes near to the manhole or not by using the camera.
• If the person comes near to the manhole it rings the alarm and gives the red signal.
• Suppose if the manhole lid is broken it’ll fall down inside the hole which disturbs the Infrared beam sensor so it activates our device
• It stops ringing the alarm if no person comes near to it or if the manhole is closed.
• In the special case when the camera is disturbed by external factors like rain, the Raindrop sensor role comes into play
• So our device works with both Hardware as well as Software-based manner which will be very useful

Sample Program:

// Rain Detection Module
int rainsense= A0; // analog sensor input pin 0
int buzzerout= 10; // digital output pin 10 - buzzer output
int countval= 0; // counter value starting from 0 and goes up by 1 every second
int ledout= 11; // digital output pin 11 - led output
 
void setup(){
   Serial.begin(9600);
   pinMode(buzzerout, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(ledout, OUTPUT); 
   pinMode(rainsense, INPUT);
}
void loop(){
   int rainSenseReading = analogRead(rainsense);
   Serial.println(rainSenseReading); // serial monitoring message 
   delay(250);// rain sensing value from 0 to 1023.
   // from heavy rain - no rain.
   if (countval >= 35){ 
      Serial.print("Heavy rain");
      digitalWrite(buzzerout, HIGH);  //raise an alert after x time
      digitalWrite(ledout, HIGH);  // led glow
   }
   //raining for long duration rise buzzer sound
   // there is no rain then reset the counter value
   if (rainSenseReading <500){ 
      countval++; // increment count value
   }
   else if (rainSenseReading >500) { // if not raining
      digitalWrite(buzzerout, LOW); // turn off buzzer 
      digitalWrite(ledout, LOW); // turn off led
      countval = 0; // reset count to 0
   }
   delay(1000);
}

Connection Diagram:

Advantages:

• It helps to save people’s life from unexpected accidents
• Not only humans even automobiles can be prevented from accidents.

Further Improvement:

• In the future, we’ll also implement this same idea to avoid accidents in a deep well.
• When our device find that manholes are opened then it’ll intimate directly corporation office with location.

Overview of our project:

Conclusion:

Manhole detector plays a vital role in everyday’s life. In India more accidents are happening due to manholes it affects not only Human beings but also animals as well as automobiles also. So our device will be the best solution to avoid these kind of accidents. In simple words to say “When Manhole Detector is used in Smart city that city becomes much more Smarter”.